OpenMFMPatient education · September 2026
Your next chapter

Many people have healthy pregnancies after cancer

Pregnancy After Cancer
Your plan for pregnancy and birth

  1. 01Plan together
  2. 02Pregnancy care
  3. 03Birth & recovery
Patient guidance
Your next chapter

A shared plan helps you know what comes next

Three questions will guide this visit.

01

When can I try?

Understand timing and medicines.

02

What checks do I need?

Connect past treatment with pregnancy care.

03

What happens after birth?

Plan feeding, recovery, and follow-up.

Learning goals
Plan together

Your cancer and pregnancy teams should work together

You are at the center of the plan.

YOU Your goals · Your questions · Your choices
01

Cancer doctor

Your oncologist reviews cancer follow-up and treatment.

02

Pregnancy team

Your OB cares for pregnancy. An MFM specialist helps when extra expertise is needed.

03

Other specialists

Heart, fertility, or genetics care may help, depending on your history.

Care planning
Plan together

Your treatment summary is the starting point

Bring a copy to your planning visit or first pregnancy appointment.

01

Diagnosis & dates

Cancer type, when it was found, and when treatment ended.

02

Past treatment

Drug names, radiation areas, and operation reports.

03

Current care

Medicines, supplements, and your cancer follow-up plan.

Practical checklist
Plan together

There is no single waiting time for everyone

Your team weighs several things before you try for pregnancy.

01

Recovery

How your body has recovered and when medicines have cleared.

02

Cancer follow-up

Your cancer type, treatment plan, and risk of cancer returning.

03

Fertility & age

Your chance of pregnancy now and how waiting may affect it.

Patient guidance
Plan together

Review cancer medicines before trying for pregnancy

Some cancer medicines can harm a developing baby.

  1. 01Review every medicine
  2. 02Agree on any pause and waiting time
  3. 03Write down the restart plan

Already pregnant while taking treatment? Contact your cancer and pregnancy teams promptly for medicine-specific advice.

Patient guidance
Plan together

A breast cancer treatment pause needs a specialist plan

Endocrine therapy means medicine that blocks hormone effects on cancer.

01

What the study found

The 2026 POSITIVE update remained reassuring after about six years of follow-up in selected patients with early breast cancer.

02

What remains uncertain

This was not a randomized trial. It cannot prove lifelong safety or tell every patient whether a pause is right.

Study evidence
Plan together

Fertility can change after treatment

Fertility means the ability to become pregnant.

01

Pregnancy may still be possible

Missing periods does not always mean you cannot become pregnant.

02

Ask for early advice

A fertility specialist can discuss testing, stored eggs or embryos, and treatment options.

03

More than one path

Other ways to become a parent may be available if pregnancy is difficult or unsafe.

Patient guidance
Care that fits you

Some past treatments make a heart check important

Pregnancy asks your heart to do more work.

  1. 01Review heart-affecting treatment
  2. 02Ask about a heart ultrasound
  3. 03Agree on follow-up

Certain chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin, and radiation involving the heart can affect its pumping strength.

Survivor guidance
Care that fits you

Extra checks should match your past treatment

Different treatments can leave different effects on the body.

01

Womb & cervix

Pelvic radiation or surgery may affect pregnancy. The cervix is the opening of the womb.

02

Thyroid

Radiation or other treatments can affect this gland, which helps control body functions.

03

Kidneys

Some cancer treatments affect how well the kidneys filter blood.

Exposure-based care
Care that fits you

Extra visits can help track you and your baby

“Higher risk” means your team may recommend closer care.

Usual prenatal care
01

Baby’s growth

Extra ultrasound scans may be useful.

02

Your health

Blood pressure and other checks follow your history.

03

Risk of early birth

Past treatment may affect when your baby is born.

Individualized care
Care that fits you

Inherited risk depends on genes and family history

Past cancer treatment does not mean your baby will have cancer.

01

Past treatment

This is different from a gene change that runs in a family.

02

Inherited gene changes

Some can raise a child’s future cancer risk. Genetic counseling helps explain what a result means.

Patient guidance
Stay connected

Keep cancer follow-up on your pregnancy calendar

Pregnancy visits and cancer follow-up both matter.

01

Keep appointments

Ask both teams to share the follow-up plan.

02

Report changes

Tell your team about new or persistent symptoms.

03

Get needed tests

Your doctors can select imaging and other tests for your situation.

Patient guidance
Know when to call

Some symptoms need medical care right away

Do not wait for your next appointment.

Call emergency services

Chest pain, severe trouble breathing, or fainting. In the U.S., call 911.

Get immediate medical care

Severe headache or vision changes, heavy bleeding, or your baby moving less than usual. Contact your pregnancy team or go to the hospital.

Urgent warning signs
Birth & recovery

Your birth plan depends on your pregnancy and past surgery

A history of cancer alone does not set the date or type of birth.

01

Timing

Your health and your baby’s health guide the date.

02

Type of birth

Vaginal birth may be possible. Prior pelvic surgery can change the plan.

03

Team & setting

Ask who needs to be involved and where you should give birth.

Individualized planning
Birth & recovery

Plan feeding and cancer follow-up before birth

Your feeding plan needs to fit your treatment plan.

01

Milk supply

Breast surgery or radiation may reduce milk from the treated breast.

02

Medicine safety

Some cancer medicines are unsafe during breastfeeding. Timing is specific to the drug.

03

Your next appointments

Plan postpartum care, cancer follow-up, and any treatment restart.

Patient guidance
Birth & recovery

You deserve support with uncertainty

Worry about cancer returning or about pregnancy is understandable.

“I’m glad to be here.
I’m also worried about what comes next.”
01

Talk about the worry

Ask your team about counseling or a survivor support group.

02

Share the practical work

A trusted person may help with visits, questions, and planning.

Emotional support
Your take-home plan

Remember three steps: share, plan, stay connected

Small, clear steps make the plan easier to follow.

  1. 01Share your treatment history
  2. 02Make your personal care plan
  3. 03Keep both teams connected
Take-home messages
Your take-home plan

Questions to Ask Your MFM Specialist

Bring these questions to your next visit.

  • How does my past treatment affect this pregnancy?
  • Do I need a heart check or other tests?
  • Which medicines need a pregnancy plan?
  • Will I need extra scans or visits?
  • How will birth, feeding, and cancer follow-up fit together?
  • Whom should I call with concerns?
Appointment checklist
Keep learning

Trusted sources can help you continue the conversation

Guidance informs care. It cannot predict one person’s outcome.

Evidence checked September 14, 2026. Survivor guidance and active-cancer guidance apply to different situations.

References
Your next step

This guide supports your personal care plan

If you are already pregnant, arrange a prompt review of your treatment history and medicines.

Bring your questions. Make the plan together.

General education does not replace your clinicians’ advice, a diagnosis, or an individual treatment plan. Seek urgent care for emergency symptoms.

Privacy: This deck includes no patient information and does not collect health information. It contains no third-party analytics.

Education & privacy

References

Pregnancy After Cancer · OpenMFM · Evidence checked September 14, 2026. Professional recommendations, study results, and practical planning advice are labeled separately. Guidance for active cancer is not a routine testing schedule for all survivors.

  1. American Cancer Society / ASCO. Having a Baby After Cancer: Pregnancy. Revised May 28, 2024.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/side-effects/fertility/pregnancy-after-cancer.html
  2. American Cancer Society / ASCO. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding After Breast Cancer. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/living-as-a-breast-cancer-survivor/pregnancy-after-breast-cancer.html
  3. SMFM; Gulersen M, Bonanno C, Brandt JS, et al. Consult Series #76: Cancer in pregnancy. Pregnancy. 2026. doi:10.1002/pmf2.70221. ACOG-endorsed; primarily addresses active cancer.https://publications.smfm.org/publications/630-society-for-maternal-fetal-medicine-consult-series-76/
  4. Ehrhardt MJ, Leerink JM, Mulder RL, et al. Systematic review and updated recommendations for cardiomyopathy surveillance for survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:e108–e120.https://www.ighg.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IGHG-Cardiomyopathy-surveillance-recommendations_2022.pdf
  5. Partridge AH, Niman SM, Ruggeri M, et al. Interrupting Endocrine Therapy to Attempt Pregnancy after Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1645–1656. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2212856.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2212856
  6. American Cancer Society. How Cancer and Cancer Treatment Can Affect Fertility in Women. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/side-effects/fertility/how-cancer-treatments-affect-fertility-women.html
  7. American Cancer Society. Fertility Assistance After Cancer. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/side-effects/fertility/fertility-assistance-after-cancer.html
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urgent Maternal Warning Signs and Symptoms. HEAR HER. May 15, 2024.https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/index.html
  9. Pagani O, Niman SM, Ruggeri M, et al. Updated results of the POSITIVE (Pregnancy Outcome and Safety of Interrupting Therapy for Women with Endocrine Responsive Breast Cancer) trial. Ann Oncol. 2026;37:1230–1241. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2026.05.699.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42214557/
  10. National Cancer Institute. Late Effects of Cancer Treatment. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/late-effects

References & further reading

Evidence checked September 14, 2026. References 4 and 9 address specific survivor populations; reference 3 primarily addresses active cancer. Your team decides what applies to you.

  1. American Cancer Society / ASCO. Having a Baby After Cancer: Pregnancy. Revised May 28, 2024.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/side-effects/fertility/pregnancy-after-cancer.html
  2. American Cancer Society / ASCO. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding After Breast Cancer. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/living-as-a-breast-cancer-survivor/pregnancy-after-breast-cancer.html
  3. SMFM; Gulersen M, Bonanno C, Brandt JS, et al. Consult Series #76: Cancer in pregnancy. Pregnancy. 2026. doi:10.1002/pmf2.70221. ACOG-endorsed; primarily addresses active cancer.https://publications.smfm.org/publications/630-society-for-maternal-fetal-medicine-consult-series-76/
  4. Ehrhardt MJ, Leerink JM, Mulder RL, et al. Systematic review and updated recommendations for cardiomyopathy surveillance for survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:e108–e120.https://www.ighg.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IGHG-Cardiomyopathy-surveillance-recommendations_2022.pdf
  5. Partridge AH, Niman SM, Ruggeri M, et al. Interrupting Endocrine Therapy to Attempt Pregnancy after Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1645–1656. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2212856.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2212856
  6. American Cancer Society. How Cancer and Cancer Treatment Can Affect Fertility in Women. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/side-effects/fertility/how-cancer-treatments-affect-fertility-women.html
  7. American Cancer Society. Fertility Assistance After Cancer. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.org/cancer/side-effects/fertility/fertility-assistance-after-cancer.html
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urgent Maternal Warning Signs and Symptoms. HEAR HER. May 15, 2024.https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/index.html
  9. Pagani O, Niman SM, Ruggeri M, et al. Updated results of the POSITIVE (Pregnancy Outcome and Safety of Interrupting Therapy for Women with Endocrine Responsive Breast Cancer) trial. Ann Oncol. 2026;37:1230–1241. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2026.05.699.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42214557/
  10. National Cancer Institute. Late Effects of Cancer Treatment. Accessed September 14, 2026.https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/late-effects
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